Geolocation & GEOINT

# Snapchat Live Map can be good and funny source
https://map.snapchat.com

# Learn to use Overpass API
https://osmlab.github.io/learnoverpass//en/

# 360° pictures database
https://www.360cities.net/

# Compare maps by time
# Many historical maps
http://www.georeferencer.com

# Word Postal Codes
https://worldpostalcode.com/

https://twitter.com/y_vdw/status/1339984896022876160

# Other maps services
https://yandex.com/maps
http://openstreetcam.org/map/
https://www.mapillary.com/

# Search for specific country
https://twitter.com/y_vdw/status/1339984940377624576?s=20
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_street_view_services

# Sentinel Hub can be good
# Not always very clear, but easier to go back in time
https://apps.sentinel-hub.com/sentinel-playground/

# ZoomEarth provides really great images and features such as estimation and live pictures
https://zoom.earth

# 3D rendering for cities all over the world
# Pretty good and practical tool, can be used with building height
https://demo.f4map.com

# Aerial Imagery Research
https://sector035.nl/articles/aerial-imagery-in-qgis

# Aerial pictures of building and monuments
https://www.euroluftbild.de/en/
https://www.euroluftbild.de/

# 5 free tools for viewing past aerial imagery
https://gisgeography.com/free-historical-imagery-viewers/
https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/wayback/
https://www.planet.com/explorer/

# Collaborative platform for searching, sharing and viewing aerial images
https://soar.earth/

 Instant StreetView
https://www.instantstreetview.com/

# Car embedded cameras tracks
https://openstreetcam.org

# Mappillary is also a great service providing tons of images from transports
# (Cars, Train, etc)
# Can be usefull to identify locations where there is no roads (ex : trains)
https://www.mapillary.com

# Trains map about French lines
# Real times trains
https://carto.graou.info

# Cab Ride Videos from Rail Transport Vehicles
https://railcabrides.com/en/

# Sun position over time
https://www.suncalc.org/#/48.8376,2.3456,8/2020.05.08/12:42/1/3

# Shadow calculator for GEOINT
http://shadowcalculator.eu

# Get weather somewhere at a given time
https://www.timeanddate.com

# Resources and tools lits
https://www.osintessentials.com/aviation
https://www.aware-online.com/en/osint-tools/airplane-tools/
https://gijn.org/comment-utiliser-la-traque-davions-pour-enqueter/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NxpTbh9qEw

# Aicraft Registration
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_registration

# Online radars
https://www.radarbox.com
https://www.flightradar24.com
https://radar.freedar.uk
https://opensky-network.org/network/explorer

# Search for flights, aicrafts...
https://flightaware.com/

# Uncensored community for gathering informations about flights
# Data can be harder to use but usefull if civil are trying to hide data
https://www.adsbexchange.com/

# Informations about aircrafts
https://www.planespotters.net/
http://www.airframes.org/
https://opensky-network.org/aircraft-database/

# Ownership or others informations
https://aerotransport.org/
https://rzjets.net/aircraft/
http://www.airframes.org/
https://www.laasdata.com/corpjet/corpjets-cayman-islands-icao-vp-c.php
https://opensky-network.org/datasets/metadata/

# National Registers
https://www.aviation-links.co.uk/
https://airdatasearch.com/registers.php
http://www.airlinecodes.co.uk/reglinks.asp?type=Official
http://www.landings.com/_landings/pages/search/search_nnr-owners.html

# Tool to define areas for airports or other stuff
https://tools.geofabrik.de/calc/

# Specific websites

# Private Jet Owners Register
https://www.superyachtfan.com/private-jet/owner/

# World leaders aircrafts informations
https://www.aircharterserviceusa.com/about-us/news-features/blog/private-jets-of-world-leaders-putin-trump-xi-jinping

# Twitter bot used to detect aircrafts movement used in dictatorial countries
https://dictatoralert.org/

# Military Aircrafts
https://www.ads-b.nl/
https://www.scramble.nl/database/military
http://www.planeflighttracker.com/2014/03/military-aircraft-tracker.html

https://medium.com/@raebaker/osint-on-the-ocean-maritime-intelligence-gathering-techniques-2ee39e554fe1

# Realtime maritime traffic
# You can also get infos about a specific ship
# Trip timeline
https://www.marinetraffic.com

# Getting informations about crews
# Open jobs and current employees
# Seafarers --> People looking for jobs
http://maritime-connector.com/

# Similar to the first one
# Sometimes more precise informations
https://www.vesselfinder.com/

# Shodan can also be used to track communication systems pushing notifications on the Internet
# For example : Org: Inmarsat

# Dedicated to war ships
https://warsearcher.com/shipsearcher/

# Searching for Vessel or Companies
https://directories.lloydslist.com/company

# Find photos taken by the same camera using serial number
# We don't know how files are processed/stored.. 
https://www.stolencamerafinder.com/

# WIP - Will probably make a dedicated page when I'll get more content

# Learning
https://osmlab.github.io/learnoverpass//en/

# Wiki
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Main_Page

# All available features
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_features

# Blogposts explaining queries
https://bearhunt38.medium.com/geo-locating-photos-with-osm-overpass-api-10ed35b95f11
https://twitter.com/quiztime/status/1336678621910589447

# Overpass turbo query - Pedestrian bridge within 100m of Railways

[out:json][bbox:{{bbox}}][timeout:800];

// determine set of electrified railways
(
 way
   [railway=rail]        
 ;
  node
   [railway=rail]        
 ;
  rel
   [railway=rail]
 ;
 
)->.railways; // put them into the set "railways"

// determine set of pedestrian bridges
(
way
 [highway=footway]
 [bridge=yes];
node
 [highway=footway]
 [bridge=yes];
rel
 [highway=footway]
 [bridge=yes];
)->.pedbridge; // put them into the set "pedbridge"
 
// determine set of pedbridges near railways
(
 node.pedbridge(around.railways:100);
 way.pedbridge(around.railways:100);
 rel.pedbridge(around.railways:100);
)->.pedbridgerailway; // put them into the set "pedbridgerailway"

// determine pedestrian bridges near railways
(.pedbridgerailway;);

// return node, ways, relations as determined above
out geom meta;

# Another example 

[out:json][timeout:800];

// Get all mills in current bounding box (Netherlands)
( way[“generator:source”=”wind”]({{bbox}});
node[“generator:source”=”wind”]({{bbox}});
relation[“generator:source”=”wind”]({{bbox}});
)->.mills; // store in variable ‘mills’

// Get all highways in current bounding box and store them in the variable motorways
way(around.mills:250)[highway=motorway]->.motorways;

// get all canals near windmills (500m) in current bbox
way(around.mills:500)[waterway=canal]->.canals;

// get mills in 100m distance for all identified relevant motorways
( node.mills(around.motorways:250) ;
way.mills(around.motorways:250);
rel.mills(around.motorways:250);
)->.matchingmills;

// get mills in 500 distance for all identified relevant canals
// get mills in 500 distance of canals and motorways
( node.matchingmills(around.canals:500);
way.matchingmills(around.canals:500);
rel.matchingmills(around.canals:500);
)->.matchingmills;

// return results, mills and motorways
(.matchingmills;);
out geom;

# GREAT resource about tips from Geoguessr
https://somerandomstuff1.wordpress.com/2019/02/08/geoguessr-the-top-tips-tricks-and-techniques/

# Second GREAT resource about many countries
https://geotips.net/

# Geoguessr is a good tool/game to practice GEOINT skills
# These tips can also be applied to a given picture to geolocate and identify

# Indoor geolocation
# You can use plugs
https://www.iec.ch/worldplugs/

# You can crop/blur superficial details on image to enhance reverse image detection
https://twitter.com/yarienkiva/status/1267473777849503750

# Identify Plants through image
https://identify.plantnet.org/

# DJI provides an interesting view map (like Gmaps)
# Sensitive geo points are not blurred and viewable
https://www.dji.com/fr/flysafe/geo-map

# 3 views realtime map (streetview, satellite, maps)
http://data.mashedworld.com/dualmaps/map.htm

# GeoIntLocalisator
# Simple scrapping tool in Python 3 using selenium to find quickly the distance between two unknown generic locations (supermarket, store...)
https://github.com/Th0rr/GeoInt-Localisator

# Peakvisor is an app that can be used to get information about mountains
# It can help as it can be more precize than Google Earth
https://benjaminstrick.com/geolocation-ethiopia-case-on-mountain-profiling-with-peakvisor/
https://peakvisor.com/#remodal-app

# Poor Image Quality
# Street View poor images often comes from USA or Australia
# Mainly from remote location and outback areas
# Caused by outdated camera

# The sun
# If the sun is clearly in the Northern hemisphere, then you are probably in the Southern one
# Shadows can help too. If they're pointing to south --> Southern hemisphere
# If sun is overhead, you can be between the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer.

# Satellite Dishes
# If a satellite dish points south then you are likely in the Northern Hemisphere and vice versa
# Upward == Equator

# Sun Shadow calculator
http://shadowcalculator.eu/#/lat/50.08/lng/19.9

# Several methods for gathering intel using the sun
https://s0md3v.medium.com/using-shadows-suns-position-for-osint-fc2378b5f709
https://medium.com/quiztime/lining-up-shadows-2351ae106cec

# You can combine it with timeanddate
https://www.timeanddate.com

# Driving Side
# As a general rule, countries of British origin (not Canada) drive on the left
# Island countries too (not the Philippines or Iceland)
# Others often drive on the right side of the road

# Miles vs Km
# Only USA, UK, Liberia and Myanmar (Birmanie) use Miles

# Speed limit
# The USA has signs saying ‘SPEED LIMIT’ and Canada has signs saying ‘MAXIMUM’

# Yellow centre line == North America to the base of South America (Chile is an exception, using yellow lines)
# Faded Yellow line normally indicated Mexico or a southern country
# South Africa also has yellow centre lines sometimes as does Japan

# Yellow side line and white center == South Africa, Botswana, Eswatini and Lesotho

# Dashed white lines on the edges == Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Sweden
# Norway tend to have yellow center lines
# Sweden tend to have white center lines
# Finland often has centre yellow lines and centre white dashed line
# Double dashed center == Greece

# Russia has a road line that is thinner than other countries road lines

# Exceptions
# Parts of France occasionally pop up with dashed white lines
# Another exception is the Dutch islands south west of Rotterdam that are connected to the Netherlands via road bridges.
# This area mainly has dashed white lines on the sides of their roads.

# European roads tend to be fairly narrow
# Contrasting the wide roads of the USA and Canada.
# Although roads in Turkey are often wide with many lanes.

# Guardrails
# Russia and Ukraine == black and white coloured stripes painted
# Other European == Simply silver

# USA

# USA County Highways
# Smallest ones. 
# County Highway signs typically have the word “county” on them
# These highway signs appear on the map as bland rectangular shapes

# Texas Farm Roads
# Equivalent as County Highways but for Texas 

# USA State Highways
# These types of highways traverse a solitary state
# Virtually each state has its own unique state highway sign with a few exceptions: 
# Iowa, Mississippi, Delaware and New Jersey share the same
# On map highway numbers appear as quasi round white shapes

# United States Highways
# These highways cross more than one state
# The signs appear as a white shield with a black number and black outline to the shield
# Odd numbers == South-North
# Even numbers == East-West

# USA - Interstates
# These freeways run across the country.
# Signs are conspicuously blue and red and explicitly state ‘Interstate’
# Odd numbers == South-North
# Even numbers == East-West

# Canadian Highways
# Brazilian Highways
# Mexican Highways
# Russian Federal Highways
# Great Britain Highways
# Spanish Roads
# Japanese Highways

https://somerandomstuff1.wordpress.com/2019/02/08/geoguessr-the-top-tips-tricks-and-techniques/

# Diamond shape == North and South America, Australia, New Zeland, Ireland, Japan, South-East Asia

# Triangular with red outline and yello colouring
# Greece, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, North Macedonia, South Korea, 

# Evaluate the expensiveness of houses

# Red house or several ones
# Probably in Nordic country (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland or Denmark)

# USA
# Colonial style houses litter the north-east
# Ranch style houses often appear in the southern USA states
# California bungalows
# Conch houses are found in Florida

# Most of Europe have long ones with a blue vertical stripe on the left
# Mostly white

# Some yellow plates
# The Netherlands and Luxembourg have yellow front/rear
# UK, Cyprus and Gibraltar have yellow rear and white front

# France had yellow ones allowed before 2007

# Only commercials vehicles in Hungary and Denmark have yellow plates

# Yellow stripe on the left == Probably Portugal
# Blue stripe on both sides == Probably Italy
# Red letters on white == Probably Belgium
# Vertical red stripes on the left == Isle of Man

# No stripe on left/right == Iceland, Liechtenstein, Russia or Switzerland
# Nice way to detect Russia from another cyrillic country
# Ukraine can have blue and yellow on the left

# Before 2016, Crotian ones where fully white (now, blue stripe)

# Letters system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Europe

# USA
https://www.insider.com/every-us-state-license-plate-2018-4#alabama-1

# Canada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_licence_plate_designs_and_serial_formats

# Russia has some codes for each zone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Russia

# Other countries

# Indonesia, Malaysia and Macau == Black plates
# Philippines == White and green
# Laos == Yellow
# Bhutan == Fully red
# Kyrgyzstan == Red vertical stripe on the left
# Japan == Often yellow

# Israel == yellow with blue left stripe
# Tunisia == Mostly black (sometime red left stripe on the black)
# Ghana == Many yellow plates
# Senegal == Blue

# Colombia == Yellow
# Brazilian == Often red

# Resources about searching for French license plates
https://plaques-immatriculation.info/
https://autorigin.com/
https://www.paruvendu.fr/fiches-techniques-auto/
https://siv-auto.fr/
https://www.oscaro.com/#

# License Plates of the World
http://worldlicenseplates.com/

# Search for known vehicles or license plates
http://platesmania.com

# You don't usually need to understand words to know the language/country
# ASIA

# Japanese
# It uses many simple curved strokes that make up their characters such as ノ, シ, い and く

# Korean
# Usage of circles for instance 요 and 안.
# Korean looks quite blocky and rigid in its writing

# Chinese
# This language is spoken in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and China
# Chinese characters tend to be made up of more strokes than Japanese. For example, 麼 and 名

# Hebrew
# This language is spoken in Israel
# Many of the letters looks like lower case ‘n’ with an extra line added sometimes

# Arabic
# Similarity to calligraphy and many of the words having a line underneath them

# Thaï
# Abundant usage of small circles on the ends of most Thai symbols

# Cambodian
# Small hooks on the top of almost every Cambodian symbol
# These hooks point to the right

# Indonesian
# Common usage of the letter ‘a’ within words
# The Indonesian language is also recognisable thanks to the suffixes ‘kan’, ‘an’ or ‘i’
# Appearing frequently at the end of many words

# Lao
# Distinguish it from Thai by looking for curved letters
# The Lao written language has virtually every part of every character curved

# South America

# Portuguese
# Only spoken in Brazil (and Portugal)
# contains the ã character
# Ç is also a symbol that appears in Portuguese but not Spanish

# Spanish
# Spanish doesn’t use the previously mentioned ã

# Europe

https://twitter.com/LockpickingPete/status/1355741207629090816?s=19
https://forum.duolingo.com/comment/33070800

# German --> includes ä, ü and ö

# Italian --> ì and à as well as ‘gg’ and ‘cc’. Most words end with a vowel in Italian.

# Dutch --> abundance of z and w letters as well as the letter e appearing together as ‘ee’
# and i and j appearing together as ‘ij.’

# Greek --> letters alpha, beta, gamma, delta etc. α, β, γ, δ.

# Swedish --> å, ä and ö

# Finnish --> ä and a plethora of double letters such as aa and ii

# Danish --> contains æ, å and ø

# Norwegian --> contains æ, ö and å

# Latvian --> contains many letters with different accents above or below them
# ļ, ķ, ņ with the line below the letter and ā”, ē, ī, ō, ū, ž

# Polish --> The letter z is often paired with other letters such as: rz, sz and cz.
# Other curious letters used in Polish include: ó, ł, ż, ś, ȩ and ń

# Lithuanian -->  Essentially this e with a dot above it is only found in Lithuanian.
# The language also contains: š, ž, ū and č

# Cyrillic

# One good way is to spot a specific letter not used in others variants

# Russian / Ukrainian
# Look for the letter “ï” or “i” as this letter only occurs in Ukrainian, not in Russia

# Europe
# Birch trees in Norway/Sweden/Finland --> Mostly north
# The rocky hills/mountains of Norway tend to be found in the south of this country. 
# The rest of the Nordic region: Denmark, Finland and the rest of Sweden is void of mountains

# Scotland and Ireland have many low rock walls

# Another thing to look : road reflection posts (black and white often)
# White posts with yellow reflectors --> Denmark
# Yellow posts with white reflectors --> Iceland
# Posts with a light-greyish stripe surrounding them --> France
# White ‘poles’ with a red stripe --> Poland
# Posts with a red vertical stripe and black cap --> Serbia / Hungary
# Orange vertical stripe within the black section --> Lithuania

# Blue pedestrian signs --> Almost only used in Europe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_European_road_signs

# Another common sight in Europe is olive trees
# Olive trees appear across the entire country of Portugal
# In Southern and Central Spain, Southern and Central Italy
# Coastal parts of Greece and many islands in the Mediterranean

# Sign framing town name with a red line ? Europe convention

# If you spot a phone number in France (often listed on businesses)
# The area around Paris has a 01 prefix
# The north-west corner has 02
# The north-east corner has 03
# The south east corner has 04
# The south-west corner has 05

# Australia
# Trees in Western Australia tend to be lower and with a bushier foliage
# The trees in the eastern states are normally higher and more sprawling

# Another aspect to consider is the colour of the dirt.
# If the soil has a more reddish colour then you are more likely to be 
# In Western Australia as opposed to an eastern state.

# Africa
# In South Africa people are fairly security conscious
# often houses will have high walls around them, sometime with spikes.
# South Africa has the Afrikaans language that resembles Dutch appearing on some signs.

# Botswana’s main roads are in excellent condition, looking almost brand new.
# South Africa, Botswana, Eswatini and Lesotho tend to have simultaneous yellow edge road lines and white road centre lines for their major roads.

# Asia
# Red taxis --> Hong Kong

# Japan, South Korea and Taiwan have yellow and black stickers on their utility poles.

# UAE --> Wide and quality roads

# "PT" on a business sign --> Indonesia.

# "Sdn Bhd" on signs --> Malaysia

# Differenciate Malaysia and Indonesia --> Chinese caracters often appears in Malaysia

# If you see Muslims wearing headwear in Philippines --> Probably Mindanao
# There are an abundance of English words in the Philippines
# Many Filipino roads are composed of large concrete rectangular blocks

# Turkey has red and white coloured road arrows that are fairly unique to their country 
# (the Philippines and Argentina have them too).
# See the ‘ş’ letter appearing on signs, then you are in Turkey

# South America

# Large satellite dishes in South America are typically Brazilian

# The list of Brazilian area codes for phone numbers can be useful as many businesses and signs contain these.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Brazil

# The petrol/gas stations in Argentina are often run by the company known as ‘YPF’.
# They have a blue sign with white lettering

# On Telegram, you can search nearby contacts, using current geolocation
# In the contacts settings

# It is posible to use it for investigation
# By using Android emulators and faking GPS position
https://www.bignox.com/
https://www.genymotion.com/
https://www.bluestacks.com/fr/index.html

# Creepy is a tool that performs geolocalization through social network inputs
# Written in Python, you get a GUI

# It uses modules for social networks
# You need to first configurate your plugins (using API key for example)

# Then you can start a new person project
# You choose your plugins, let the soft searches and then add targets to the global search
# Once done, you can start searching (often several minutes)
# Then you will get locations on the world map for data found
# Possible to export results

https://www.geocreepy.com/


# virtualenv ?
# apt-get remove --purge creepy
# apt-get autoremove
# pip install -U pytz python-qt flickrapi python-instagram yapsy tweepy google-api-python-client python-dateutil configobj dominate

# Build interactive map of cameras, printers, tweets and photos.
# The script creates a map of cameras, printers, tweets and photos based on your coordinates. 
# Everything is clearly presented in form of interactive map with icons and popups.

# You can find what interaction on social media have been made in a specific place
# All is anonymised for the moment, no username...

python kamerka.py --lat 37.235 --lon 115.811111 --dark --twitter --camera --printer